Regulation of Drone Use in Public Spaces Based on Privacy and Security Protection Principles
Keywords:
Drone regulation, public space, privacy protection, aviation safety, data collection, enforcement, legal principlesAbstract
This doctrinal legal research examines the legal framework and oversight mechanisms for drone operations in public spaces in Indonesia. The analysis reveals that the current regulation, primarily Ministerial Regulation Number PM 90 of 2020, focuses predominantly on aviation safety aspects and neglects the protection of privacy and public security. Key deficiencies include the absence of explicit provisions on data collection, visual recording, civil liability, and complaint mechanisms for affected citizens. Enforcement faces substantial obstacles due to the lack of remote identification systems, limited detection technology, and overlapping authority among government agencies. This study proposes a set of responsive legal principles to address these deficiencies, including proportionality, transparency, accountability, precaution, respect for human rights, data protection, non-discrimination, harmonization, effective enforcement, technological adaptation, public participation, and international cooperation. These principles provide a normative foundation for balanced regulation that accommodates technological innovation while safeguarding fundamental rights. The findings contribute to legal scholarship by demonstrating that technology regulation cannot be limited to technical operational aspects but must integrate the protection of citizens' fundamental rights. For policymakers, this research offers concrete guidance for revising existing regulations and strengthening institutional capacity for oversight. Without such legal reform, drone regulation in Indonesia will remain ineffective and unjust, and the public will continue to bear the risks of uncontrolled technology.
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