The Application of Criminal Law in Addressing Hazardous Products: A Case Study of Consumer Protection in Indonesia
Keywords:
criminal law, consumer protection, hazardous products, regulatory implementation, Consumer Protection Law, e-commerce monitoring, legal reformAbstract
This study aims to analyze the application of criminal law in consumer protection against hazardous products in Indonesia. Dangerous products, such as illegal food and drugs, pose a serious threat to public health, particularly in the digital era where the distribution of products has become increasingly accessible through e-commerce platforms. The primary focus of this research is the effectiveness of implementing Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health, and other related regulations that support consumer rights. Despite the availability of an adequate legal framework, this study identifies several significant challenges in its implementation. These challenges include weak government oversight, the lack of deterrent effects from criminal sanctions, and low public awareness of consumer rights. Additionally, resource limitations, both in terms of laboratory infrastructure and the competency of law enforcement officials, hinder effective consumer protection efforts. In the context of digital trade, monitoring hazardous product distribution becomes increasingly complex due to inadequate mechanisms for overseeing online transactions. Furthermore, the study highlights the lack of coordination among relevant agencies, which impedes a comprehensive approach to criminal law enforcement. This research provides a normative juridical perspective to address gaps in the literature concerning consumer protection from the standpoint of criminal law. It recommends regulatory reforms that include strengthening deterrent effects through revised criminal sanctions, employing technology-based supervision for digital transactions, and enhancing inter-agency coordination in enforcing consumer protection laws. The findings of this study are expected to guide policymakers in improving the existing legal framework to enhance consumer protection in Indonesia.
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